This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The other twelve bones are in pairs, which gives the face its symmetry. The mandible (jawbone) and vomer are the only bones in the face which are unpaired. A large oval hole called the foramen magum allows the spinal cord to pass up into the skull. The Occipital bone forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium. The Sphenoid bone has contact with all the other cranial bones. There are 2 Sphenoid bones, each situated behind the eyes at the base of the skull in front of the Temporals. The name derives from the Greek ethnos meaning sieve and divides the nasal cavity from the brain. The Ethmoid bone differs from the other bones in the cranium in that it is a spongy bone as opposed to a hard bone. The temporal bones are crucial in the anatomy of the ear. There are two Temporal bones in the cranium, each supporting part of the face known as the temple. There are two parietal bones which are roughly the shape of a curved rectangle. The Parietal bones form the largest part of the top and sides of the cranium. The front of the top of the head roughly covers the frontal lobes of the brain. It comprises the forehead (squama frontalis) and the upper orbit of the eye (pars orbitalis). The Frontal bone is one of the major cranial bones. The following make up the Cranium: Frontal bone The cranial base has multiple foramina and other openings to allow passage to the spinal cord, blood vessels, and cranial nerves.The anatomy of the skull comprises the Cranium and Facial bones. The soft spots gradually hardens and disappears as the sutures fuse in adults. These gaps are known as fontanelles, with the frontal and occipital fontanelles being the most important ones. In newborn babies, multiple soft spots or gaps exist between the skull bones due to the partially joined sutures. Lambdoid suture – Between the occipital and the two parietal bones.Sagittal suture – Between the two parietal bones.Coronal suture – Between the frontal and the two parietal bones.These joints fuse and become immovable around the age of 22-24.Īs mentioned above, the three primary sutures in an adult skull are the ones between the cranium’s frontal, parietal, and occipital bones: These joints allow for movement during infancy, so the brain and skull can grow. Sutures are a unique type of fibrous joint that connect the skull bones. The zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, vomer, nasal bones, and the inferior nasal concha form the rest of the orbits. The maxilla occupies most of the front part of the facial skeleton and forms the boundaries for the nasal aperture with the two nasal bones. Apart from forming the face, these bones are responsible for protecting and supporting the soft tissues in the area. The three paired middle ear bones are malleus, incus, and stapes. Here, the hyoid bone, and the ear ossicles (middle ear bones) are also included in the facial bones. Here are the bones in the facial skeleton:
Together, these bones structure our face, cheeks, nose, mouth, and jaws. The facial skeleton, also known as the viscerocranium, comprises 14 facial bones (2 unpaired and 6 paired). When looked at from the inside, there are three large subdivisions or fossae – the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae.Īnterior and Lateral View Facial Skeleton The frontal bone forms the superior part of the bony orbits or eye sockets. The cranial bones, especially those forming the cranial base, connect the lower part of the skull to the rest of the body through articulations with the facial bones, the mandible (temporomandibular joint or TMJ), and 1st cervical vertebra.
The bones in the canial roof articulate with each other via sutures, with the most significant sutures of the human skull being formed in this region. The frontal, occipital and parietal bones form the cranial roof, while all six bones contribute to the cranial base. The cranium is divided into the cranial roof or skullcap and the cranial base. The 8 (2 paired and 4 unpaired) bones forming the cranium are called the cranial bones. The hollow space taken up by the brain is called the cranial cavity. It is the uppermost part of the skull that encircles and protects the brain, as well as the cerebral vasculature and meninges.
Names, Anatomy, and Structure of the Bones in the Skull Neurocranium The skull is divided into the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. There are 29 bones (including the hyoid and middle ear bones) that comprise the skull and give shape to the head. The skull is one of the most vital bony structures of the human body, as it houses and protects the most important organs, including the brain.
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